Improving the Efficiency of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules without Bypass Diodes

Photovoltaic (PV) modules comprise bypass diodes to limit hotspot formation. However, they suffer from performance reduction in the presence of partial shading. This paper proposes external circuitry control connection type (series/parallel) PV cells through a pair on/off switches resulting three different operation modes. Mode 1 represents typical 36 series-connected cells, while mode 2 two parallel-connected strings, and 3 maximizes output current where four strings are connected parallel. The added values approach that (1) module can be increased without need for buck-boost converter (2) shading has less impact on power than adoption diodes. work shows simulating monocrystalline (120 W, 200 241 W), consisting 36, 60, 72 lose about 74% when one cell 80% absence application diode each improves this decrease 61.89%, 40.66%, 39.47%, respectively. According our proposed approach, loss significantly decreased 19.59%, 50%, 50.01% modules, respectively, representing more 42% improvement compared